Conservation of genetic resources for sustainable aquaculture

The importance of conservation aquatic biodiversity on sustainable fisheries is gradually being recognized by more and people. Positive results have been reported from establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) as well freshwater reserves (Koning & McIntyre, 2021; Lenihan et al., 2021). Conservation animals plants not yet fully addressed in a way that will protect genetic resources for aquaculture purposes. Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2019) published report about based surveyed responses 92 countries. Most replies to the questions were positive energetic, but it also revealed problems limited efforts made conserve resource. This editorial aims call attention an perspective. Producers could consider practices are friendly resources. Management bodies may pay only alone, diversity important aquaculture. Research plans be prioritized address such characterization populations, optimizing fast efficient genotyping phenotyping tools, evaluating environmental factors protection approaches species richness diversity, estimating effects stock enhancement programs components wild populations. Aquaculture two eminent features make them highly suitable selective breeding: high fecundity because most still early stages domestication (Houston 2020). High variation populations resource breeding species. can contribute various ways First, alleles reintroduced farmed if inbreeding occurs due bottleneck practices. Second, there demand new traits, resistance disease, materials accessed selected strains Third, many other or “novel” species, particularly native tested aquaculture, fat sleeper (Dormitator latifrons) Latin America (Vega-Villasante Therefore, developing maintaining good Furthermore, comparison between different regional ones aid understanding underlie performance across identifying causative variants target traits Currently, regarding has focused probably habitats under pressure degradation close affinity general public. Belton al. (2020) argued affordable foods should Nevertheless, threat (International Union Nature [IUCN], Migratory fishes vulnerable group, they often require habitat complete life history stages. For example, some shads anchovies, sturgeons, salmonids critically endangered (IUCN, finfish, bivalves seaweeds highlighted (Brakel X. Guo, 2009). major drivers decline believed loss (FAO, 2019). Overfishing pollution commonly damage both In temperate rivers, changes mostly river fragmentation invasive (Su acts include setting up MPAs 2021), globally, Convention Biological Diversity. situ zones small grassroots Mekong River systems 2021) usually localized isolated, protecting food webs augmenting yields. Seasonal fishing bans aimed at encouraging successful hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) Bay Bengal (Hossain 2019) tapertail anchovy (Coilia nasus) Yangtze River. A 10-year ban all commercial its tributaries, including adjoining lakes, was instituted January 2020 (Mei range-wide total enormous task, crucial restoring migratory ones. Spotting rare historical sites middle reach already reported, long-term this revealed. Another ex conservation. Sometimes too degraded protection. Artificial captivity better than disappearance entirely. example sturgeon River, Chinese (Acipenser sinensis), dabryanus). Both their natural activities interrupted building hydroelectric dams. Fortunately, artificial allowed healthy these maintained captivity. There hope kept long enough restore establish wild. Preserving gametes seed banks seen storing finfish shellfish (Diwan, Harke, Gopalkrishna, Panche, 2020; J.-H. Guo Weng, Restocking artificially bred seedlings, used management, hybrid practice, scrutiny applied monitor component stocked individuals Interestingly, per se sometimes play role resources; megalopa larvae mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) heavily collected threatening 1990s. Subsequent success commercialized supported steady growth helped population lessened Similar benefits found giant salamander (Andrias davidianus), Amazonian ornamental first step initiate plan characterize domesticated Identifying structure management lead discovery cryptic If planning project, characterizing fundamental work necessary designing best strategy (Cossu Mitochondrial DNA loci microsatellite markers (Abdul-Muneer, 2014; Cossu panels single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) choices profiles (Fagbémi Restriction site associated sequencing (RAD-seq), sequencing, SNP arrays common tools collecting data 2020); however, cost methods prohibitive low-budget projects. Target enrichment multiple nuclear low-cost alternative, single-copy ray-finned (Jiang Several countries established national support agriculture, beef, poultry, pork those industries. Few done Major animal companies progress valuable using technologies, low-profit received less attention. High-throughput mainly crop human behavior studies. Many growth, meat quality, sex-related disease resistance, salinity/stress tolerance, high- low-temperature feed conversion rates, nutritional requirements, physiological/biochemical body colors efficiently evaluated high-throughput technology (Fu Yuna, Innovations automated imaging/machine vision, diode frame measurements, deep learning networks further explored phenotypic manner With continuous fishery one meet increasing protein nutrition needs world population. addition responsible we shift food, utilize gene banks. Moreover, aforementioned innovations estimate (Stat 2017) applying surrogate broodstock save research directions help Journal World Society welcomes high-quality manuscripts critical issues